PROMIS items are translated using a universal approach. Applying a universal approach
to translations results in one version for multiple countries instead of country–specific
versions of the same language (e.g., Spanish for Mexico, Spanish for Spain, and
Spanish for Puerto Rico). It requires that translators from different regions or
dialects contribute to the process. Other aspects include avoiding colloquial expressions
and pre–testing the questionnaire with participants from relevant regions.
A universal approach enables comparisons across subgroups of Spanish speaking populations,
assuming the scale applied is unbiased; it minimizes bias introduced by multiple
translations in a clinical trial; and reduces supplier–induced demand bias,
as translation companies are able to profit more by producing country–specific
versions.
For information regarding PROMIS translations, permission to translate, and translation
methodology, please contact Helena Correia (helena-correia@northwestern.edu),
Translation Manager at the PROMIS Statistical Center (PSC). The PSC, located in
the Department of Medical Social Sciences at Northwestern University, guides multicultural
measurement science and ensures standardization of methodology.
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Translation of Item Bank – calibrated in English
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Translation of only short form items, Profile items or partial bank
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Subdomain (Adult)
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Number of items
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Available
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Translation in Progress
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Permission given to translate or person interested in translating
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Available
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The first phase of translation was completed but not tested
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Translation in Progress
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Permission given to translate or person interested in translating
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Translations pending approval by PROMIS Statistical Center
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Emotional Distress – Anger
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29
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Spanish
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Portuguese, Simplified Chinese (Mandarin), Dutch, Hebrew
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French, Japanese
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Hindi (items in NeuroQOL)
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Emotional Distress - Anxiety
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29
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Spanish
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Portuguese, Simplified Chinese (Mandarin), Dutch, German, Hebrew
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French, Japanese
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Simplified Chinese (Mandarin)/ Traditional Chinese (7a)
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Hindi (items in NeuroQOL)
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Emotional Distress – Depression
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28
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Spanish, German (may need additional testing before distribution)
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Portuguese, Simplified Chinese (Mandarin), Dutch, Hebrew
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French, Japanese
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Czech (8b), French (8b), Hungarian (8b), Italian (8b), Polish (8b), Simplified Chinese
(Mandarin)/ Traditional Chinese (8b), Russian (8b), Ukranian (8b)
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Hindi (items in NeuroQOL)
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Fatigue
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95
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Spanish
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Portuguese, Simplified Chinese (Mandarin), Dutch
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French, Japanese
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Czech (7a), Danish (5 items), Dutch (5 items), French (5 items, 7a), German (5 items,
7a), Hungarian (7a), Italian (5 items, 7a), Polish (7a), Simplified Chinese (Mandarin)/
Traditional Chinese (7a), Norwegian (5 items)
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Akfrikaans (7a), Estonian (7a), Gujarati (7a), Hindi (7a), Marathi (7a), Romanian
(7a), Russian (7a), Serbian (7a), Slovak (7a), Swedish (7a), Bengali (7a), Kannada
(7a), Malayalam (7a), Punjabi (7a), Tamil (7a), Telugu (7a), Korean (7a)
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Czech (6a), Danish (6a), French (6a), German (6a), Hungarian (6a), Romanian (6a),
Russian (6a)
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Pain Behavior
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39
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Spanish
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Portuguese, Simplified Chinese (Mandarin), Dutch
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French, Japanese
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Pain Interference
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41
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Spanish, German (may need additional testing before distribution)
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Portuguese, Simplified Chinese (Mandarin), Dutch
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French, Japanese
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Simplified Chinese (Mandarin)/ Traditional Chinese (6b), Danish (5 items), Dutch
(5 items), French (5 items), German (5 items), Italian (5 items), Norwegian (5 items)
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Pain Intensity
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3
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Spanish
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French, Japanese
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Physical Function
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124
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Spanish
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Portuguese, Simplified Chinese (Mandarin), Dutch
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French, Japanese
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Simplified Chinese (Mandarin)/ Traditional Chinese (10a), Danish (5 items), Dutch
(5 items), French (5 items), German (5 items), Italian (5 items), Norwegian (5 items),
Hungarian (10a), Polish (10a), Russian (10a), Ukranian (10a)
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Hindi (items in NeuroQOL)
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Sleep Disturbance
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27
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Spanish
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Simplified Chinese (Mandarin), Traditional Chinese (items in NeuroQOL), Dutch
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Japanese
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Simplified Chinese (Mandarin)/ Traditional Chinese (8b), Danish (5 items), Dutch
(5 items), French (5 items), German (5 items), Italian (5 items), Norwegian (5 items)
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Hindi (items in NeuroQOL)
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Bulgarian (8b), German (8b), Hungarian (8b), Japanese (8b), Latvian (8b), Polish
(8b), Russian (8b), Slovak (8b), Ukranian (8b)
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Sleep-Related Impairment
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16
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Spanish
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Simplified Chinese (Mandarin), Dutch
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French, Japanese
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Satisfaction with Participation in Discretionary Social Activities (v1.0)
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12
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Spanish, German (may need additional testing before distribution)
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Portuguese, Simplified Chinese (Mandarin), Dutch
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Satisfaction with Participation in Social Roles (v1.0)
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14
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Spanish, German (may need additional testing before distribution)
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Portuguese, Simplified Chinese (Mandarin), Dutch
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Danish (5 items), Dutch (5 items), French (5 items), German (5 items), Italian (5
items), Norwegian (5 items)
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Satisfaction with Social Roles and Activities (v2.0)
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44
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Spanish
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Dutch
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French, Japanese
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Hindi (items in NeuroQOL)
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Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities
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35
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Spanish
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Dutch
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French, Japanese
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Simplified Chinese (Mandarin)/ Traditional Chinese (10 items)
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Emotional Support
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16
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Spanish
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Dutch
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French, Japanese
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Simplified Chinese (Mandarin)/ Traditional Chinese (2 items)
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Informational Support
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10
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Spanish
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Dutch
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French, Japanese
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Simplified Chinese (Mandarin)/ Traditional Chinese (2 items)
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Instrumental Support
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11
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Spanish
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Dutch
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French, Japanese
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Simplified Chinese (Mandarin)/ Traditional Chinese (2 items)
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Companionship
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6
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Spanish
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Dutch
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French, Japanese
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Simplified Chinese (Mandarin)/ Traditional Chinese (2 items)
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Social Isolation
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14
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Spanish
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Dutch
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French, Japanese
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Applied Cognition – Abilities
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33
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Spanish
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Japanese
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Applied Cognition – General Concerns
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34
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Spanish
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Japanese
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Global Health
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10
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n/a
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Spanish, Simplified Chinese (Mandarin)/ Traditional Chinese (1 item), French, German
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Portuguese, Dutch
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Japanese, Chichewa
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Total number of items translated
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670
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Pyschosocial Illness Impact – Positive
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39
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Japanese
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Psychosocial Illness Impact – Negative
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32
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Japanese
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Total number of items
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741
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*The Dutch-Flemish translation is being coordinated by the Dutch-Flemish PROMIS
Group in conjunction with FACITtrans, under the direction of Dr. Caroline Terwee
and Dr. Maarten Boers of VU University Medical Center.
*The Dutch-Flemish translation is being coordinated by the Dutch-Flemish PROMIS
Group in conjunction with FACITtrans, under the direction of Dr. Caroline Terwee
and Dr. Maarten Boers of VU University Medical Center.